Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in late February pushed an already-on-the- brink ... duration”—has more than doubled since 2019.3 WFP estimates that the war in Ukraine

3 Cost Per Metric Ton of Nitrogen-Based Fertilizer UgandaBurundi Pakistan, Ukraine

USSR (former ) is Russia in 1860 and 1910; Armenia, Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine ... in 2000; and Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan

Half of Americans Support Use of US Troops in Defense of Ukraine,” Fosca Majnoni

Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Tanzania Thailand Turkey Ukraine

Malaysia Pakistan Thailand Bulgaria Hungary Poland Russian Federation Slovakia Ukraine

percent in countries such as Armenia, Egypt, Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, Ukraine ... birth. 0 10 20 30 40 PERCENT ZIMBABWE ZAMBIA YEMEN VIETNAM UZBEKISTAN TANZANIA UKRAINE

Participants noted that the pandemic and war in Ukraine created price increases