<div class="micro_page_nav">
</div>
<div class="js-sub-nav-group page_nav_group">
<div class="page_nav_button_wrap">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="page_nav_button_wrap_inner">
<button class="js-page-nav-toggle js-swap page_nav_toggle " data-swap-target=".js-sub-nav-group">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_inner_default page_nav_toggle_inner">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_label_default page_nav_toggle_label">Explore 100 Years of CCGA</span>
<span class="page_nav_toggle_icon_default page_nav_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_icon_inner_default page_nav_toggle_icon_inner">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_icon_space"></span>
<svg class="icon icon_plus">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#plus" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
</span>
<span class="page_nav_toggle_inner_active page_nav_toggle_inner">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_label_active page_nav_toggle_label">Close</span>
<span class="page_nav_toggle_icon_active page_nav_toggle_icon" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_icon_inner_active page_nav_toggle_icon_inner">
<span class="page_nav_toggle_icon_space"></span>
<svg class="icon icon_close">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#close" />
</svg>
</span>
</span>
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="page_nav_links">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<nav class="js-sub-nav page_nav_navigation" aria-labelledby="page_nav_title">
<div class="page_nav_header">
<h2 class="page_nav_title" id="page_nav_title">Explore:</h2>
</div>
<div class="js-sub-nav-body page_nav_body">
<div class="js-sub-nav-body-inner page_nav_body_inner">
<ul class="js-sub-nav-list page_nav_list" aria-labelledby="page_nav_title">
<li class="js-page-nav-item js-page-nav-item-1 page_nav_item">
<a class="page_nav_link" href="#page_section_1">
<span class="page_nav_link_label">Isolationism and the Great Debate</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="js-page-nav-item js-page-nav-item-2 page_nav_item">
<a class="page_nav_link" href="#page_section_2">
<span class="page_nav_link_label">Post World War Two</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="js-page-nav-item js-page-nav-item-3 page_nav_item">
<a class="page_nav_link" href="#page_section_3">
<span class="page_nav_link_label">The Vietnam Conflict</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="js-page-nav-item js-page-nav-item-4 page_nav_item">
<a class="page_nav_link" href="#page_section_4">
<span class="page_nav_link_label">The End of the Cold War</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="js-page-nav-item js-page-nav-item-5 page_nav_item">
<a class="page_nav_link" href="#page_section_5">
<span class="page_nav_link_label">War on Terrorism</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Page Content -->
<div class="page_content" id="skip_content" tabindex="-1">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="typography">
<div class="intro">
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum vel malesuada consectetur quis at sodales euismod nullam.</p>
</div>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit ut aliquam, purus sit amet luctus venenatis, lectus magna fringilla urna, porttitor rhoncus dolor purus non enim praesent elementum facilisis leo, vel fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla facilisi etiam dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in ornare quam viverra orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Page Content -->
<!-- Full Width Callouts -->
<div class="page_sections">
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_1" data-index="1">
<!-- Section -->
<div class="section">
<div class="section_header">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_header_inner">
<h2 class="section_title">
<span class="section_title_intro">1922-1939</span>
<span class="section_title_label">Isolationism and the Great Debate</span>
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section_body">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_body_inner">
<div class="section_body_media">
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_1">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/1 740w" alt="image 1">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/1 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/1 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 1">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_2">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/2" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/2 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/2 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/2 740w" alt="image 2">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/2" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/2 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/2 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/2 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 2">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_3">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/3" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/3 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/3 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/3 740w" alt="image 3">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/3" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/3 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/3 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/3 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 3">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="section_body_description">
<p>Should the United States stand aloof, leaving the Europeans and Asians to sort out their own problems, or should this country come to the aid, with money and arms if not men, of Britain and the European democracies?</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Section -->
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>When the Chicago Council on Global Affairs was founded in 1922, it was a worldly outpost in a city and a Midwest dominated by isolationism. It was a turbulent time. Post-Versailles resentments were already building toward the next war. Tsarist Russia had become communist. Italy soon would be fascist. Hyperinflation wracked Germany. Mahatma Gandhi pressed for Indian independence. But Chicago, resolutely midcontinental, stood aloof, geographically and intellectually, from this turmoil. Rowing against this tide, a small group of internationally minded Chicagoans established the Council – then called the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations – “to promote general public interest in the foreign policy of the United States” by bringing in expert speakers to lecture on the events of the world.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_object">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-10 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="media_object_inner">
<figure class="media_object_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_object_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_object_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/10 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/10 1220w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1440x810/10 1440w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_object_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1440x810/10" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1440x810/10 1440w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/10 1220w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/10 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
<figcaption class="media_object_figure_caption">Before Pearl Harbor, aviator Charles Lindbergh was so vocal about his opposition to U.S. involvement in World War II that he became an unofficial leader of America's isolationist movement.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="speaker_list_inner">
<header class="speaker_list_head">
<div class="speaker_list_title">
About the Speakers
</div>
</header>
<div class="speaker_list_content">
<div class="speaker_list_rows">
<div class="speaker_list_row">
<div class="speaker_list_item">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_left">
<div class="speaker_list_item_content">
<div class="speaker_list_item_name">
<a href="#" class="speaker_list_item_name_link">
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_text">
Ivo Daalder
</span>
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_arrow_right">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#arrow_right" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_title">
Council President, Global Cities </div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_mobile">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb_inner">
Ivo H. Daalder, has served as President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs since July, 2013. He was the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from May 2009 to July 2013. He is a specialist in European security.
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_items">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item">
<a href="https://twitter.com/IvoHDaalder" class="speaker_list_social_item_link" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Follow on Twitter">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_twitter_contact">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#twitter_contact" />
</svg>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_label">
@IvoHDaalder
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_right">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_desktop">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_row">
<div class="speaker_list_item">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_left">
<div class="speaker_list_item_content">
<div class="speaker_list_item_name">
<a href="#" class="speaker_list_item_name_link">
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_text">
Ivo Daalder
</span>
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_arrow_right">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#arrow_right" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_title">
Council President, Global Cities </div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_mobile">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb_inner">
Ivo H. Daalder, has served as President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs since July, 2013. He was the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from May 2009 to July 2013. He is a specialist in European security.
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_items">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item">
<a href="https://twitter.com/IvoHDaalder" class="speaker_list_social_item_link" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Follow on Twitter">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_twitter_contact">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#twitter_contact" />
</svg>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_label">
@IvoHDaalder
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_right">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_desktop">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_row">
<div class="speaker_list_item">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_left">
<div class="speaker_list_item_content">
<div class="speaker_list_item_name">
<a href="#" class="speaker_list_item_name_link">
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_text">
Ivo Daalder
</span>
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_arrow_right">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#arrow_right" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_title">
Council President, Global Cities </div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_mobile">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb_inner">
Ivo H. Daalder, has served as President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs since July, 2013. He was the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from May 2009 to July 2013. He is a specialist in European security.
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_items">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item">
<a href="https://twitter.com/IvoHDaalder" class="speaker_list_social_item_link" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Follow on Twitter">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_twitter_contact">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#twitter_contact" />
</svg>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_label">
@IvoHDaalder
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_right">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_desktop">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_row">
<div class="speaker_list_item">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap">
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_left">
<div class="speaker_list_item_content">
<div class="speaker_list_item_name">
<a href="#" class="speaker_list_item_name_link">
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_text">
Ivo Daalder
</span>
<span class="speaker_list_item_name_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_arrow_right">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#arrow_right" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_title">
Council President, Global Cities </div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_mobile">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_blurb_inner">
Ivo H. Daalder, has served as President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs since July, 2013. He was the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from May 2009 to July 2013. He is a specialist in European security.
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_items">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item">
<a href="https://twitter.com/IvoHDaalder" class="speaker_list_social_item_link" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Follow on Twitter">
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_twitter_contact">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#twitter_contact" />
</svg>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_social_item_label">
@IvoHDaalder
</div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="speaker_list_item_wrap_right">
<div class="speaker_list_item_img_wrap is_desktop">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper speaker_list_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload speaker_list_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="speaker_list_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x300/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/100x100/1 100w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>At its birth, the Council was an alliance between North Shore grandees and the international experts of the University of Chicago. By the 1930s, this remote and elitist approach gave way to the great debate over American participation in the coming war. The Council stood at the center of this debate. Its programs drew thousands of persons to hear interventionists, isolationists and even outright Nazis. Its radio broadcasts brought this debate to hundreds of thousands of listeners around the Midwest. Behind the scenes, Council leaders led the campaign in the Midwest to give aid to European allies. When the war came, the region sent its leaders to Washington and its sons to fight, and turned its industry into the arsenal that won the victory. For this, the Council could take a bow.</p>
<h2>In summary:</h2>
<p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p>
<ul>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li>
<li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li>
<li>Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline js-feat-item-podcast">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="timeline_inner">
<div class="timeline_header">
<h2 class="timeline_title">Continue exploring this era.</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_body">
<div class="timeline_teaser">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1922</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Feb. 22, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">
<p>Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming the <a href='#'>United Nations</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Mar. 18, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">First Council public meeting.</div>
<a href="https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3" class="timeline_event_podcast_link js-podcast-link" data-series="Deep Dish" data-title="Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima">
Listen to the Audio
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Nov 28, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lauren Ipsum speaks to 5,000 people in council program at Chicago’s Auditorium Theater.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-carousel timeline_carousel" data-carousel-options='{"contained": false, "matchWidth": false, "pagination": false, "paged": false}'>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1922</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Feb. 22, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">
<p>Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming the <a href='#'>United Nations</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Mar. 18, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">First Council public meeting.</div>
<a href="https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3" class="timeline_event_podcast_link js-podcast-link" data-series="Deep Dish" data-title="Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima">
Listen to the Audio
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Nov 28, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lauren Ipsum speaks to 5,000 people in council program at Chicago’s Auditorium Theater.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1923</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council offices move to Marquette Building.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">World War II ends.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_footer">
<button class="js-swap js-timeline-dialog-trigger timeline_more_button" data-swap-target=".timeline_dialog">Load All Years</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dialog -->
<div class="js-timeline-dialog timeline_dialog" id="dialog" aria-label="Continue exploring this era." tabindex="-1">
<div class="js-timeline-dialog-document timeline_dialog_document">
<div class="timeline_dialog_header">
<h2 class="timeline_dialog_document">Explore full timeline</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_dialog_body">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1922</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Feb. 22, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">
<p>Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming the <a href='#'>United Nations</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Mar. 18, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">First Council public meeting.</div>
<a href="https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3" class="timeline_event_podcast_link js-podcast-link" data-series="Deep Dish" data-title="Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima">
Listen to the Audio
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Nov 28, 1922 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lauren Ipsum speaks to 5,000 people in council program at Chicago’s Auditorium Theater.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/1 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1923</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council offices move to Marquette Building.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">World War II ends.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1923 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<button class="js-timeline-dialog-close timeline_dialog_close" aria-label="Close">
<span class="timeline_dialog_close_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_close">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#close" />
</svg>
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Dialog -->
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_2" data-index="2">
<!-- Section -->
<div class="section">
<div class="section_header">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_header_inner">
<h2 class="section_title">
<span class="section_title_intro">1945-1955</span>
<span class="section_title_label">Post World War Two</span>
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section_body">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_body_inner">
<div class="section_body_media">
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_1">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/4" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/4 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/4 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/4 740w" alt="image 1">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/4" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/4 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/4 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/4 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 1">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_2">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/5" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/5 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/5 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/5 740w" alt="image 2">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/5" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/5 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/5 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/5 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 2">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_3">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/6" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/6 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/6 740w" alt="image 3">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/6" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/6 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/6 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 3">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="section_body_description">
<p>The end of World War II presented the world with one of history’s great blank slates. The atomic age had begun but no one knew how to survive it. Much of Europe and Asia lay in ruins</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Section -->
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>The Communists moved to control China. The Soviet Union, so recently an ally, loomed as a lethal foe. The United States was the only intact world power but was deeply divided on how to use that power. Outposts of isolationism remained, led by the Council’s perennial sparring partner, the Chicago Tribune. But the Council focused on how, not whether, to build this new postwar world.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_set">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="media_set_inner">
<figure class="media_set_figure large">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_set_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_set_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/11 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/11 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/11 1220w" alt="Photo 11">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_set_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/11" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/11 1220w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/11 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/11 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="Photo 11">
</noscript>
<figcaption class="media_set_figure_caption">Pearl Harbor forced America to end it’s isolationist policy.</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="media_set_figure small">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_set_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_set_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/12 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/12 980w" alt="Photo 12">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_set_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/12" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/12 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/12 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="Photo 12">
</noscript>
<figcaption class="media_set_figure_caption">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer ultricies placerat bibendum porttitor volutpat felis nisi. Nisl dictum nisi sed mattis id tincidunt.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>Council leaders, especially its former president Adlai Stevenson, helped create the United Nations. As the Kremlin took control of half of Europe, Council speakers proclaimed the dawn of the Cold War and debated America’s new policy of containment. Secretary of State George Marshall came to explain why his Marshall Plan was vital to America’s own security. Indian Premier Jawaharlal Nehru said the great driving force in Asia was nationalism. Eleanor Roosevelt called for a foreign policy based on human rights. Abroad, Russia became a nuclear power and the long slog of the Cold War set in. The Korean War, the first inconclusive war, ended in stalemate. At home, isolationism gave way to a new view of the United States as the defender of the free world, a sort of global policeman, with an indiscriminate foreign policy that would lead to involvement in a faraway place called Vietnam.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Testimonial -->
<div class="testimonial">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="testimonial_inner">
<header class="testimonial_head">
<div class="testimonial_head_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_quote">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#quote" />
</svg>
</div>
</header>
<figure class="testimonial_figure">
<blockquote class="testimonial_quote">
<p>This is truly the first global or planetary war in human history…It is an ideological war, international in scope. The idea is whether free men can live in certain ways in all portions of the planet, or whether they cannot.”.</p>
</blockquote>
<figcaption class="testimonial_figcaption">
<span class="testimonial_info">
<span class="testimonial_quote_name">Edgar Ansel Mowrer,</span>
<span class="testimonial_quote_title">Daily News correspondent</span>
</span>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Testimonial -->
<div class="media_grid_anniversary">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="media_grid">
<div class="media_grid_header">
<div class="media_grid_header_text_wrap">
<h2 class="media_grid_header_text">Related Media</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_body">
<div class="media_grid_rows">
<div class="media_grid_row">
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/5" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/5 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/5 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/5 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/5 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/5" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/5 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/5 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/5 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/5 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rhc-IOaiHg" class="media_grid_item_video_link js-video-appender">
<span class="media_grid_item_video_link_label">Play Video</span>
<span class="media_grid_item_video_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_podcast_play">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#podcast_play" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Adlai E. Stevenson speaking to the Council.
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/6 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/6 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/6" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/6 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/6 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rhc-IOaiHg" class="media_grid_item_video_link js-video-appender">
<span class="media_grid_item_video_link_label">Play Video</span>
<span class="media_grid_item_video_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_podcast_play">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#podcast_play" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Edward R. Murrow and Jan Masaryk (speech and image) speak to Council programs on aftermath of Munich conference.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<h2>In Summary:</h2>
<p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p>
<ul>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li>
<li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline js-feat-item-podcast">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="timeline_inner">
<div class="timeline_header">
<h2 class="timeline_title">Continue exploring this era.</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_body">
<div class="timeline_teaser">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1945</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">World War II ends.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council absorbs the Speakers Bureau</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-carousel timeline_carousel" data-carousel-options='{"contained": false, "matchWidth": false, "pagination": false, "paged": false}'>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1945</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">World War II ends.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council absorbs the Speakers Bureau</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1946</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1946 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1946 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1946 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_footer">
<button class="js-swap js-timeline-dialog-trigger timeline_more_button" data-swap-target=".timeline_dialog">Load All Years</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dialog -->
<div class="js-timeline-dialog timeline_dialog" id="dialog" aria-label="Continue exploring this era." tabindex="-1">
<div class="js-timeline-dialog-document timeline_dialog_document">
<div class="timeline_dialog_header">
<h2 class="timeline_dialog_document">Explore full timeline</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_dialog_body">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1945</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">World War II ends.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council absorbs the Speakers Bureau</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1945 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1946</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1946 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1946 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1946 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<button class="js-timeline-dialog-close timeline_dialog_close" aria-label="Close">
<span class="timeline_dialog_close_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_close">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#close" />
</svg>
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Dialog -->
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_3" data-index="3">
<!-- Section -->
<div class="section">
<div class="section_header">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_header_inner">
<h2 class="section_title">
<span class="section_title_intro">1964-1975</span>
<span class="section_title_label">The Vietnam Conflict</span>
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section_body">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_body_inner">
<div class="section_body_media">
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_1">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/7" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/7 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/7 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/7 740w" alt="image 1">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/7" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/7 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/7 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/7 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 1">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_2">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/8" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/8 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/8 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/8 740w" alt="imge 2">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/8" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/8 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/8 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/8 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="imge 2">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_3">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/9" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/9 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/9 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/9 740w" alt="image 3">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/9" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/9 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/9 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/9 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 3">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="section_body_description">
<p>The Vietnam War dominated world diplomacy, domestic politics, the streets of America, and the tenor of the Council itself. In the summer of 1968, the debate over the war exploded at the Democratic national convention right at the Council’s front door.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Section -->
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>Since World War II, Americans had swung from isolationism to a messianic self-image that led to Vietnam. At the start, Council speakers defended the war. But soon, they were questioning whether even the mighty United States had limits that must be obeyed. Some said the domino theory demanded an American victory. Others called the war “illegal, immoral, un-American, un-winnable.” Two leading political scientists, the interventionist Zbigniew Brzezinski and the realist Hans Morgenthau, staged a titanic debate on America’s proper place in the world. By 1966, seven years before the war ended, in a poll at a Council meeting, more than two thousand members opposed U.S. policy in Vietnam and overwhelmingly called for negotiations to end the war.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_anniversary">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="media_grid">
<div class="media_grid_header">
<div class="media_grid_header_text_wrap">
<h2 class="media_grid_header_text">Council Speakers in the Seventies</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_body">
<div class="media_grid_rows">
<div class="media_grid_row">
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/10 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/10 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Henry Kissenger
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/11 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/11 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/11" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/11 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/11 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/11 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/11 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Robert McNamara
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_row">
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/12 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/12 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/12" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/12 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/12 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/12 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/12 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
U Thant
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/13 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/13 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/13" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/13 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/13 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/13 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/13 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Helmut Kohl
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_row">
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/14 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/14 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/14" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/14 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/14 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Willy Brandt
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/15 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/15 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/15" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/15 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/15 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Sen. Joseph Biden
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>As the war wound down, the mood of a chastened nation shifted to restraint, so much so that the Council found it necessary to hold programs on neo-isolationism. The new watchword became not isolationism but interdependence. Economic issues – oil, trade, the new power of multinational corporations – replaced military rivalries on the spearpoint of American diplomacy. A newly assertive Japan joined America on the winners’ podium in the global economy. Council speakers began speculating whether, after forty Cold War years, the Soviet threat might finally be crumbling.</p>
<h2>In summary:</h2>
<p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p>
<ul>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li>
<li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li>
<li>Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline js-feat-item-podcast">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="timeline_inner">
<div class="timeline_header">
<h2 class="timeline_title">Continue exploring this era.</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_body">
<div class="timeline_teaser">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1965</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Hans Morgenthau and Zbigniew Brzezinski debate American foreign policy. </div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Garrick Utley gives Council speech, questions U.S. policy in Vietnam.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-carousel timeline_carousel" data-carousel-options='{"contained": false, "matchWidth": false, "pagination": false, "paged": false}'>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1965</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Hans Morgenthau and Zbigniew Brzezinski debate American foreign policy. </div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Garrick Utley gives Council speech, questions U.S. policy in Vietnam.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1966</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Poll of Council audiences shows majority oppose U.S. policy in Vietnam.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1967</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1967 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council begins hiring staff with professional foreign experience.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1968 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_footer">
<button class="js-swap js-timeline-dialog-trigger timeline_more_button" data-swap-target=".timeline_dialog">Load All Years</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dialog -->
<div class="js-timeline-dialog timeline_dialog" id="dialog" aria-label="Continue exploring this era." tabindex="-1">
<div class="js-timeline-dialog-document timeline_dialog_document">
<div class="timeline_dialog_header">
<h2 class="timeline_dialog_document">Explore full timeline</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_dialog_body">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1965</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Hans Morgenthau and Zbigniew Brzezinski debate American foreign policy. </div>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/15 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Garrick Utley gives Council speech, questions U.S. policy in Vietnam.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1966</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1965 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Poll of Council audiences shows majority oppose U.S. policy in Vietnam.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1967</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1967 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Council begins hiring staff with professional foreign experience.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1968 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<button class="js-timeline-dialog-close timeline_dialog_close" aria-label="Close">
<span class="timeline_dialog_close_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_close">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#close" />
</svg>
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Dialog -->
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_4" data-index="4">
<!-- Section -->
<div class="section">
<div class="section_header">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_header_inner">
<h2 class="section_title">
<span class="section_title_intro">1991-2001</span>
<span class="section_title_label">The End of the Cold War</span>
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section_body">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_body_inner">
<div class="section_body_media">
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_1">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/15" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/15 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/15 740w" alt="image 1">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/15" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/15 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/15 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/15 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 1">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_2">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/14" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/14 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/14 740w" alt="image 2">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/14" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/14 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/14 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 2">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_3">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/13" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/13 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/13 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/13 740w" alt="image 3">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/13" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/13 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/13 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/13 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 3">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="section_body_description">
<p>For the first time since the end of World War II, the United States faced a clean state. The Cold War was over and the Soviet Union gone, not only vanquished but vanished. The U.S. ruled as the sole hegemon. Capitalism and liberal democracy had won.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Section -->
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>After World War II, the U.S. created a structure that guided policy for forty years. Now, it tried to do the same but, lacking a single foe, dithered. It was a busy decade, what with the Yugoslav wars, Somalia, Rwanda, the rise of China, mostly the arrival of globalization.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="video_wide">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="media_grid_item">
<figure class="media_grid_item_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_grid_item_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_grid_item_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/5" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/5 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/5 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/5 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/5 980w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_grid_item_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/5" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/5 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/5 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/5 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/5 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rhc-IOaiHg" class="media_grid_item_video_link js-video-appender">
<span class="media_grid_item_video_link_label">Play Video</span>
<span class="media_grid_item_video_link_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_podcast_play">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#podcast_play" />
</svg>
</span>
</a>
</figure>
<div class="media_grid_item_text">
Margaret Thatcher speaks to the Council.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>The Chicago Council too struggled to find a place. The Cold War had focused all it had done; now, there were many issues but no central theme. Titans – Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin, Helmut Kohl, Margaret Thatcher, Henry Kissinger – crossed the Council stage. Colin Powell argued that “the obligation of leadership is ours.” But how to use it? Speakers worried that instant communications -- ”the CNN effect” – distorted any well-planned foreign policies. Chicago itself had changed. Once a brawny but isolated industrial powerhouse, it had become a global city, a hub of globalization, with a different role in the world. To thrive, it needed to understand this role and it was up to the Council to lead this thinking.</p>
<h2>In summary:</h2>
<p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p>
<ul>
<li>LLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li>
<li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li>
<li>Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in.</li>
<li>Sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet massa vitae tortor condimentum.</li>
<li>Elementum facilisis leo, vel fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla facilisi.</li>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit ut aliquam, purus sit amet luctus venenatis, lectus magna fringilla urna, porttitor rhoncus dolor purus non enim praesent elementum facilisis leo.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline js-feat-item-podcast">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="timeline_inner">
<div class="timeline_header">
<h2 class="timeline_title">Continue exploring this era.</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_body">
<div class="timeline_teaser">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1991</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1991 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Future Russian President Boris Yeltsin speaks to Council.</div>
<a href="https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3" class="timeline_event_podcast_link js-podcast-link" data-series="Deep Dish" data-title="Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima">
Listen to the Audio
</a>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1991 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Former British Prime minister Margaret Thatcher speaks to the Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-carousel timeline_carousel" data-carousel-options='{"contained": false, "matchWidth": false, "pagination": false, "paged": false}'>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1991</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1991 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Future Russian President Boris Yeltsin speaks to Council.</div>
<a href="https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3" class="timeline_event_podcast_link js-podcast-link" data-series="Deep Dish" data-title="Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima">
Listen to the Audio
</a>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1991 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Former British Prime minister Margaret Thatcher speaks to the Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1992</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev speaks to the Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">In 1990s, Chicago becomes a global city.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_footer">
<button class="js-swap js-timeline-dialog-trigger timeline_more_button" data-swap-target=".timeline_dialog">Load All Years</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dialog -->
<div class="js-timeline-dialog timeline_dialog" id="dialog" aria-label="Continue exploring this era." tabindex="-1">
<div class="js-timeline-dialog-document timeline_dialog_document">
<div class="timeline_dialog_header">
<h2 class="timeline_dialog_document">Explore full timeline</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_dialog_body">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1991</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1991 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Future Russian President Boris Yeltsin speaks to Council.</div>
<a href="https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3" class="timeline_event_podcast_link js-podcast-link" data-series="Deep Dish" data-title="Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima">
Listen to the Audio
</a>
</div>
<figure class="timeline_event_figure">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper timeline_event_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload timeline_event_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w" alt="">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="timeline_event_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/6 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1991 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Former British Prime minister Margaret Thatcher speaks to the Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">1992</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev speaks to the Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">In 1990s, Chicago becomes a global city.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">1992 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<button class="js-timeline-dialog-close timeline_dialog_close" aria-label="Close">
<span class="timeline_dialog_close_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_close">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#close" />
</svg>
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Dialog -->
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_5" data-index="5">
<!-- Section -->
<div class="section">
<div class="section_header">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_header_inner">
<h2 class="section_title">
<span class="section_title_intro">2001-2011</span>
<span class="section_title_label">War on Terrorism</span>
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section_body">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="section_body_inner">
<div class="section_body_media">
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_1">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/8" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/8 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/8 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/8 740w" alt="image 1">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/8" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/8 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/8 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/8 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 1">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_2">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/1" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/1 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/1 740w" alt="image 2">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/1" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/1 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/1 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/1 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 2">
</noscript>
</figure>
<figure class="section_body_figure section_body_figure_3">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper section_body_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload section_body_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/6" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/6 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/6 740w" alt="image 3">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="section_body_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/6" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x555/6 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x375/6 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x225/6 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="image 3">
</noscript>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="section_body_description">
<p>If, at the century’s turn, the U.S. lacked an enemy and the Council lacked a focus, both were remedied, for better or worse, on 9/11, with the al Qaeda attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The U.S. declared war on terrorism and quickly became mired in the twin quagmires of Iraq and Afghanistan.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Section -->
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>The Council’s traditional focus on Europe shifted overnight to the Mideast, to Islam and terrorism and global inequities. The Council’s focus migrated in time to China, to the rise of Third World countries, to globalization and, later, to populism. Washington remained fixated on terrorism and the need for U.S. dominance. In Chicago, the Council probed a globalized world, with work on issues – trade, immigration, climate change, energy, global cities – that were perhaps visible first in the Midwest before they became national topics.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="media_set">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="media_set_inner">
<figure class="media_set_figure large">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_set_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_set_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/10 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/10 1220w" alt="Photo 11">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_set_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/10" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/1220x686/10 1220w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/10 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/10 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/10 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/10 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="Photo 11">
</noscript>
<figcaption class="media_set_figure_caption">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer ultricies.</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="media_set_figure small">
<span class="lazy_image_wrapper media_set_figure_image_wrapper">
<img class="js-lazy js-lazyload media_set_figure_image" data-sizes="auto" src="/images/placeholder.png" data-src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14" data-srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/14 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/14 980w" alt="Photo 12">
</span>
<noscript>
<img class="media_set_figure_image" src="https://images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/14" srcset="//images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/980x552/14 980w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/740x416/14 740w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/500x282/14 500w, //images.fastspot.com/the-chicago-council-on-global-affairs/300x169/14 300w" sizes="100vw" alt="Photo 12">
</noscript>
<figcaption class="media_set_figure_caption">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer ultricies placerat bibendum porttitor volutpat felis nisi. Nisl dictum nisi sed mattis id tincidunt.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="wysiwyg_block wysiwyg_block_microsite">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell fs-lg-8 fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="wysiwyg_block_inner typography">
<p>The Council achieved its goal of becoming a think tank, first with a report on American foreign agriculture policy that became U.S. government policy, then with original work on cities and the global economy. It established a Chicago-Shanghai dialogue and took a Chicago mayor to China.</p>
<p>A Chicagoan became president and tried to extricate the nation from Iraq and Afghanistan. As these wars festered, an ambitious China and a resentful Russia became America’s great rivals. But the inequalities of globalization – or the government’s failure to deal with those inequalities – eroded the public trust in Washington, especially across the post-industrial Midwest, already described in reports by Council authors.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline js-feat-item-podcast">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell">
<div class="timeline_inner">
<div class="timeline_header">
<h2 class="timeline_title">Continue exploring this era.</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_body">
<div class="timeline_teaser">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">2001</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Aug 13 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Marshall Bouton becomes Council president.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Sept 11 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Al Qaeda attacks World Trade Center and Pentagon.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2001 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Most program shift focus on Islam, the Middle east, terrorism and fallout from the 9/11 attacks </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="js-carousel timeline_carousel" data-carousel-options='{"contained": false, "matchWidth": false, "pagination": false, "paged": false}'>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">2001</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Aug 13 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Marshall Bouton becomes Council president.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Sept 11 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Al Qaeda attacks World Trade Center and Pentagon.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2001 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Most program shift focus on Islam, the Middle east, terrorism and fallout from the 9/11 attacks </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item label">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">2002</span>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2002 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">The Mid-America Committee becomes part of Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2002 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_carousel_item event">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2002 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_footer">
<button class="js-swap js-timeline-dialog-trigger timeline_more_button" data-swap-target=".timeline_dialog">Load All Years</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Dialog -->
<div class="js-timeline-dialog timeline_dialog" id="dialog" aria-label="Continue exploring this era." tabindex="-1">
<div class="js-timeline-dialog-document timeline_dialog_document">
<div class="timeline_dialog_header">
<h2 class="timeline_dialog_document">Explore full timeline</h2>
</div>
<div class="timeline_dialog_body">
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">2001</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Aug 13 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Marshall Bouton becomes Council president.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">Sept 11 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Al Qaeda attacks World Trade Center and Pentagon.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2001 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Most program shift focus on Islam, the Middle east, terrorism and fallout from the 9/11 attacks </div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="timeline_year">
<h3 class="timeline_year_title">
<span class="timeline_year_title_label">2002</span>
</h3>
<ul class="timeline_list">
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2002 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">The Mid-America Committee becomes part of Council.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2002 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
<li class="timeline_list_item">
<div class="timeline_event">
<div class="timeline_event_description">
<div class="timeline_event_date">2002 - </div>
<div class="timeline_event_description_label">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline_event_decoration">
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<button class="js-timeline-dialog-close timeline_dialog_close" aria-label="Close">
<span class="timeline_dialog_close_icon">
<svg class="icon icon_close">
<use href="/images/icons.svg#close" />
</svg>
</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Dialog -->
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Full Width Callouts -->
<div class="micro_page_nav">
</div>
{% include '@navigation-page-anniversary-100' with {
links: [
"Isolationism and the Great Debate",
"Post World War Two",
"The Vietnam Conflict",
"The End of the Cold War",
"War on Terrorism"
]
} %}
<!-- Page Content -->
<div class="page_content" id="skip_content" tabindex="-1">
<div class="fs-row">
<div class="fs-cell {{ cell }} fs-lg-justify-center">
<div class="typography">
{% render "@partial-wysiwyg--simple" with wysiwyg_context %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Page Content -->
<!-- Full Width Callouts -->
<div class="page_sections">
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_1" data-index="1">
{% include '@component-section-anniversary-100' with {
year: '1922-1939',
title: 'Isolationism and the Great Debate',
description:
'Should the United States stand aloof, leaving the Europeans and Asians to sort out their own problems, or should this country come to the aid, with money and arms if not men, of Britain and the European democracies?',
images: [
{
image: '1',
alt: 'image 1'
},
{
image: '2',
alt: 'image 2'
},
{
image: '3',
alt: 'image 3'
}
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>When the Chicago Council on Global Affairs was founded in 1922, it was a worldly outpost in a city and a Midwest dominated by isolationism. It was a turbulent time. Post-Versailles resentments were already building toward the next war. Tsarist Russia had become communist. Italy soon would be fascist. Hyperinflation wracked Germany. Mahatma Gandhi pressed for Indian independence. But Chicago, resolutely midcontinental, stood aloof, geographically and intellectually, from this turmoil. Rowing against this tide, a small group of internationally minded Chicagoans established the Council – then called the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations – “to promote general public interest in the foreign policy of the United States” by bringing in expert speakers to lecture on the events of the world.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-media-object-anniversary-100' with {
image: '10',
alt: '',
caption:
"Before Pearl Harbor, aviator Charles Lindbergh was so vocal about his opposition to U.S. involvement in World War II that he became an unofficial leader of America's isolationist movement."
} %}
{% render '@component-about-the-speaker-anniversary-100' %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>At its birth, the Council was an alliance between North Shore grandees and the international experts of the University of Chicago. By the 1930s, this remote and elitist approach gave way to the great debate over American participation in the coming war. The Council stood at the center of this debate. Its programs drew thousands of persons to hear interventionists, isolationists and even outright Nazis. Its radio broadcasts brought this debate to hundreds of thousands of listeners around the Midwest. Behind the scenes, Council leaders led the campaign in the Midwest to give aid to European allies. When the war came, the region sent its leaders to Washington and its sons to fight, and turned its industry into the arsenal that won the victory. For this, the Council could take a bow.</p><h2>In summary:</h2><p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p><ul><li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li><li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li><li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li><li>Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in.</li></ul>'
} %}
{% include '@component-timeline-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Continue exploring this era.',
years: [
{
label: '1922',
items: [
{
date: 'Feb. 22, 1922',
description:
"<p>Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming the <a href='#'>United Nations</a></p>",
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: 'Mar. 18, 1922',
description: 'First Council public meeting.',
image: '',
podcast_url:
'https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3',
podcast_series: 'Deep Dish',
podcast_title:
'Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima'
},
{
date: 'Nov 28, 1922',
description:
'Lauren Ipsum speaks to 5,000 people in council program at Chicago’s Auditorium Theater.',
image: '1',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
},
{
label: '1923',
items: [
{
date: '1923',
description:
'Council offices move to Marquette Building.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1923',
description:
'World War II ends.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1923',
description:
'Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1923',
description:
'Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
}
]
} %}
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_2" data-index="2">
{% include '@component-section-anniversary-100' with {
year: '1945-1955',
title: 'Post World War Two',
description:
'The end of World War II presented the world with one of history’s great blank slates. The atomic age had begun but no one knew how to survive it. Much of Europe and Asia lay in ruins',
images: [
{
image: '4',
alt: 'image 1'
},
{
image: '5',
alt: 'image 2'
},
{
image: '6',
alt: 'image 3'
}
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>The Communists moved to control China. The Soviet Union, so recently an ally, loomed as a lethal foe. The United States was the only intact world power but was deeply divided on how to use that power. Outposts of isolationism remained, led by the Council’s perennial sparring partner, the Chicago Tribune. But the Council focused on how, not whether, to build this new postwar world.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-media-set-anniversary-100' with {
image_large: '11',
alt_large: 'Photo 11',
caption_large:
'Pearl Harbor forced America to end it’s isolationist policy.',
image_small: '12',
alt_small: 'Photo 12',
caption_small:
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer ultricies placerat bibendum porttitor volutpat felis nisi. Nisl dictum nisi sed mattis id tincidunt.'
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>Council leaders, especially its former president Adlai Stevenson, helped create the United Nations. As the Kremlin took control of half of Europe, Council speakers proclaimed the dawn of the Cold War and debated America’s new policy of containment. Secretary of State George Marshall came to explain why his Marshall Plan was vital to America’s own security. Indian Premier Jawaharlal Nehru said the great driving force in Asia was nationalism. Eleanor Roosevelt called for a foreign policy based on human rights. Abroad, Russia became a nuclear power and the long slog of the Cold War set in. The Korean War, the first inconclusive war, ended in stalemate. At home, isolationism gave way to a new view of the United States as the defender of the free world, a sort of global policeman, with an indiscriminate foreign policy that would lead to involvement in a faraway place called Vietnam.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-testimonial-anniversary-100' with {
quote: 'This is truly the first global or planetary war in human history…It is an ideological war, international in scope. The idea is whether free men can live in certain ways in all portions of the planet, or whether they cannot.”.',
name: 'Edgar Ansel Mowrer',
title: 'Daily News correspondent',
image: ''
} %}
{% include '@component-media-grid-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Related Media',
description: '',
items: [
[
{
image: 5,
image_credit: '',
video: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rhc-IOaiHg',
text:
'Adlai E. Stevenson speaking to the Council.'
},
{
image: 6,
video: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rhc-IOaiHg',
text:
'Edward R. Murrow and Jan Masaryk (speech and image) speak to Council programs on aftermath of Munich conference. '
}
]
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<h2>In Summary:</h2><p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p><ul><li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li><li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li><li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li></ul>'
} %}
{% include '@component-timeline-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Continue exploring this era.',
years: [
{
label: '1945',
items: [
{
date: '1945',
description:
"World War II ends.",
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1945',
description: 'Council absorbs the Speakers Bureau',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1945',
description:
'Secretary of State Edward Stettinius speaks on upcoming San Francisco conference forming UN.',
image: '10',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1945',
description:
'Melvin Brorby joins Council’s executive committee.',
image: '11',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
},
{
label: '1946',
items: [
{
date: '1946',
description:
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '12',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1946',
description:
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '13',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1946',
description:
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '14',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
}
]
} %}
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_3" data-index="3">
{% include '@component-section-anniversary-100' with {
year: '1964-1975',
title: 'The Vietnam Conflict',
description:
'The Vietnam War dominated world diplomacy, domestic politics, the streets of America, and the tenor of the Council itself. In the summer of 1968, the debate over the war exploded at the Democratic national convention right at the Council’s front door.',
images: [
{
image: '7',
alt: 'image 1'
},
{
image: '8',
alt: 'imge 2'
},
{
image: '9',
alt: 'image 3'
}
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>Since World War II, Americans had swung from isolationism to a messianic self-image that led to Vietnam. At the start, Council speakers defended the war. But soon, they were questioning whether even the mighty United States had limits that must be obeyed. Some said the domino theory demanded an American victory. Others called the war “illegal, immoral, un-American, un-winnable.” Two leading political scientists, the interventionist Zbigniew Brzezinski and the realist Hans Morgenthau, staged a titanic debate on America’s proper place in the world. By 1966, seven years before the war ended, in a poll at a Council meeting, more than two thousand members opposed U.S. policy in Vietnam and overwhelmingly called for negotiations to end the war.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-media-grid-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Council Speakers in the Seventies',
description: '',
items: [
[
{
image: 10,
image_credit: '',
video: '',
text:
'Henry Kissenger'
},
{
image: 11,
video: '',
text:
'Robert McNamara'
}
],
[
{
image: 12,
image_credit: '',
video: '',
text:
'U Thant'
},
{
image: 13,
video: '',
text:
'Helmut Kohl'
}
],
[
{
image: 14,
image_credit: '',
video: '',
text:
'Willy Brandt'
},
{
image: 15,
video: '',
text:
'Sen. Joseph Biden'
}
]
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>As the war wound down, the mood of a chastened nation shifted to restraint, so much so that the Council found it necessary to hold programs on neo-isolationism. The new watchword became not isolationism but interdependence. Economic issues – oil, trade, the new power of multinational corporations – replaced military rivalries on the spearpoint of American diplomacy. A newly assertive Japan joined America on the winners’ podium in the global economy. Council speakers began speculating whether, after forty Cold War years, the Soviet threat might finally be crumbling.</p><h2>In summary:</h2><p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p><ul><li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li><li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li><li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li><li>Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in.</li></ul>'
} %}
{% include '@component-timeline-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Continue exploring this era.',
years: [
{
label: '1965',
items: [
{
date: '1965',
description:
"Hans Morgenthau and Zbigniew Brzezinski debate American foreign policy. ",
image: '15',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1965',
description: 'Garrick Utley gives Council speech, questions U.S. policy in Vietnam.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
},
{
label: '1966',
items: [
{
date: '1965',
description: 'Poll of Council audiences shows majority oppose U.S. policy in Vietnam.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
},
{
label: '1967',
items: [
{
date: '1967',
description: 'Council begins hiring staff with professional foreign experience.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1968',
description: 'Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
}
]
} %}
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_4" data-index="4">
{% include '@component-section-anniversary-100' with {
year: '1991-2001',
title: 'The End of the Cold War',
description:
'For the first time since the end of World War II, the United States faced a clean state. The Cold War was over and the Soviet Union gone, not only vanquished but vanished. The U.S. ruled as the sole hegemon. Capitalism and liberal democracy had won.',
images: [
{
image: '15',
alt: 'image 1'
},
{
image: '14',
alt: 'image 2'
},
{
image: '13',
alt: 'image 3'
}
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>After World War II, the U.S. created a structure that guided policy for forty years. Now, it tried to do the same but, lacking a single foe, dithered. It was a busy decade, what with the Yugoslav wars, Somalia, Rwanda, the rise of China, mostly the arrival of globalization.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-video-wide-anniversary-100' with {
image: 5,
image_credit: 'Routers',
video: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Rhc-IOaiHg',
text: 'Margaret Thatcher speaks to the Council.'
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>The Chicago Council too struggled to find a place. The Cold War had focused all it had done; now, there were many issues but no central theme. Titans – Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin, Helmut Kohl, Margaret Thatcher, Henry Kissinger – crossed the Council stage. Colin Powell argued that “the obligation of leadership is ours.” But how to use it? Speakers worried that instant communications -- ”the CNN effect” – distorted any well-planned foreign policies. Chicago itself had changed. Once a brawny but isolated industrial powerhouse, it had become a global city, a hub of globalization, with a different role in the world. To thrive, it needed to understand this role and it was up to the Council to lead this thinking.</p><h2>In summary:</h2><p>Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto:</p><ul><li>LLorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.</li><li>Ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto.</li><li>Consectetur adipiscinged augue lacus</li><li>Dignissim diam quis enim lobortis scelerisque fermentum dui faucibus in.</li><li>Sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet massa vitae tortor condimentum.</li><li>Elementum facilisis leo, vel fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla facilisi.</li><li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit ut aliquam, purus sit amet luctus venenatis, lectus magna fringilla urna, porttitor rhoncus dolor purus non enim praesent elementum facilisis leo.</li></ul>'
} %}
{% include '@component-timeline-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Continue exploring this era.',
years: [
{
label: '1991',
items: [
{
date: '1991',
description:
"Future Russian President Boris Yeltsin speaks to Council.",
image: '6',
podcast_url:
'https://traffic.libsyn.com/secure/deepdishonglobalaffairs/200819_Lebanon_edits.mp3',
podcast_series: 'Deep Dish',
podcast_title:
'Nuclear Threats 75 Years After Hiroshima'
},
{
date: '1991',
description: 'Former British Prime minister Margaret Thatcher speaks to the Council.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
},
{
label: '1992',
items: [
{
date: '1992',
description: 'Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev speaks to the Council.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1992',
description: 'In 1990s, Chicago becomes a global city.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1992',
description: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '1992',
description: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
}
]
} %}
</div>
<div class="js-page-section page_section" id="page_section_5" data-index="5">
{% include '@component-section-anniversary-100' with {
year: '2001-2011',
title: 'War on Terrorism',
description:
'If, at the century’s turn, the U.S. lacked an enemy and the Council lacked a focus, both were remedied, for better or worse, on 9/11, with the al Qaeda attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The U.S. declared war on terrorism and quickly became mired in the twin quagmires of Iraq and Afghanistan.',
images: [
{
image: '8',
alt: 'image 1'
},
{
image: '1',
alt: 'image 2'
},
{
image: '6',
alt: 'image 3'
}
]
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>The Council’s traditional focus on Europe shifted overnight to the Mideast, to Islam and terrorism and global inequities. The Council’s focus migrated in time to China, to the rise of Third World countries, to globalization and, later, to populism. Washington remained fixated on terrorism and the need for U.S. dominance. In Chicago, the Council probed a globalized world, with work on issues – trade, immigration, climate change, energy, global cities – that were perhaps visible first in the Midwest before they became national topics.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-media-set-anniversary-100' with {
image_large: '10',
alt_large: 'Photo 11',
caption_large:
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer ultricies.',
image_small: '14',
alt_small: 'Photo 12',
caption_small:
'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer ultricies placerat bibendum porttitor volutpat felis nisi. Nisl dictum nisi sed mattis id tincidunt.'
} %}
{% include '@component-wysiwyg-anniversary-100' with {
content: '<p>The Council achieved its goal of becoming a think tank, first with a report on American foreign agriculture policy that became U.S. government policy, then with original work on cities and the global economy. It established a Chicago-Shanghai dialogue and took a Chicago mayor to China.</p><p>A Chicagoan became president and tried to extricate the nation from Iraq and Afghanistan. As these wars festered, an ambitious China and a resentful Russia became America’s great rivals. But the inequalities of globalization – or the government’s failure to deal with those inequalities – eroded the public trust in Washington, especially across the post-industrial Midwest, already described in reports by Council authors.</p>'
} %}
{% include '@component-timeline-anniversary-100' with {
title: 'Continue exploring this era.',
years: [
{
label: '2001',
items: [
{
date: 'Aug 13',
description:
"Marshall Bouton becomes Council president.",
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: 'Sept 11',
description: 'Al Qaeda attacks World Trade Center and Pentagon.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '2001',
description: 'Most program shift focus on Islam, the Middle east, terrorism and fallout from the 9/11 attacks ',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
},
{
label: '2002',
items: [
{
date: '2002',
description: 'The Mid-America Committee becomes part of Council.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '2002',
description: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
},
{
date: '2002',
description: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
image: '',
podcast_url: '',
podcast_series: '',
podcast_title: ''
}
]
}
]
} %}
</div>
</div>
<!-- END: Full Width Callouts -->
No notes defined.